Executive Summary
CVE-2018-25362 is a high-severity SQL injection vulnerability in Twitter-Clone 1, an open-source PHP social platform application. The flaw resides in the follow.php endpoint where insufficient sanitization of the userid parameter allows unauthenticated or authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL code into database queries.
CVSS Score: 8.2 (High)
Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to extract sensitive database contents including user credentials, session tokens, and personal information through union-based or time-based blind SQL injection techniques.
Vulnerability Overview
Root Cause
The vulnerability exists in follow.php where user-supplied input passed through the userid parameter is interpolated directly into SQL queries without adequate sanitization or use of prepared statements. This allows an attacker to break out of the intended query context and inject arbitrary SQL commands.
Attack Chain
1. Attacker identifies a Twitter-Clone instance's follow.php endpoint
2. Crafts a malicious userid parameter value containing SQL syntax
3. Submits the request — application builds query with injected payload
4. Database executes the injected SQL statement
5. Attacker exfiltrates database contents via UNION-based output
or infers data through time-based blind responsesTechnical Details
Attack Surface
The follow.php file in Twitter-Clone 1 processes user follow actions. The userid parameter representing the target user is passed into a SQL query without validation:
// Vulnerable pattern (illustrative)
$userid = $_GET['userid'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $userid";This direct interpolation allows SQL injection through both GET and POST request methods.
Exploitation Techniques
Union-Based Injection
When the application reflects query results, an attacker can use UNION SELECT to extract arbitrary data:
userid=1 UNION SELECT username,password,NULL FROM users--Time-Based Blind Injection
When no data is reflected, timing attacks can be used to infer database content:
userid=1 AND SLEEP(5)--
userid=1 AND IF(1=1, SLEEP(5), 0)--Database Enumeration
userid=1 UNION SELECT table_name,NULL,NULL FROM information_schema.tables--
userid=1 UNION SELECT column_name,NULL,NULL FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='users'--Impact Assessment
| Impact Area | Severity | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Confidentiality | High | Full database read access |
| Integrity | Medium | Potential data modification via stacked queries |
| Availability | Low | Denial of service via heavy queries |
| Authentication Bypass | High | Credential extraction enables account takeover |
Successful exploitation provides an attacker with complete read access to all database tables, which in a Twitter-Clone deployment typically includes:
- Usernames and hashed (or plaintext) passwords
- Email addresses
- Private messages
- Follow/follower relationships
- Session tokens
Affected Versions
| Product | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Twitter-Clone | 1 | Vulnerable — no patch available |
Twitter-Clone is an open-source educational/demo project. Organizations running this software in any production capacity should treat it as critically vulnerable.
Remediation
Since Twitter-Clone is an open-source demo application with no official patch, the recommended actions are:
Option 1: Remove from Production
Twitter-Clone 1 is not production-ready software. Any internet-accessible deployment should be taken offline immediately.
Option 2: Apply Manual Fix
If continued use is required, convert the vulnerable query to use prepared statements:
// Secure replacement using PDO prepared statements
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :userid");
$stmt->execute(['userid' => (int)$_GET['userid']]);Option 3: Input Validation
At minimum, enforce strict integer validation on the userid parameter:
$userid = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'userid', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
if ($userid === false || $userid === null) {
die('Invalid input');
}Detection
Web Application Logs
Look for SQL injection indicators in access logs:
grep -E "(UNION|SELECT|FROM|WHERE|SLEEP|BENCHMARK)" /var/log/apache2/access.log
grep -i "follow\.php.*userid" /var/log/apache2/access.log | grep -i "union\|select\|sleep"WAF Rules
# ModSecurity - Block SQLi in userid parameter
SecRule ARGS:userid "@detectSQLi" \
"id:20001,phase:2,deny,status:400,msg:'SQL Injection in userid'"